Hysterosalpingogram: What You Need to Know

If you’re on a fertility journey, you may have heard the term "hysterosalpingogram" or HSG. This diagnostic procedure plays a crucial role in evaluating reproductive health, particularly for women experiencing difficulties conceiving. In this post, we’ll explore what an HSG is, how it’s performed, and what the results mean for your fertility. 

What is a hysterosalpingogram? 

A hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is a specialized X-ray procedure that examines the inside of the uterus and the fallopian tubes. It helps to determine if there are any blockages or abnormalities that could affect fertility and is often recommended as part of the fertility testing process. 

Why is a HSG performed? 

The primary reasons for undergoing a hysterosalpingogram (HSG) include: 

• Assessing Tubal Patency: The procedure checks whether the fallopian tubes are open and functioning properly. Blocked tubes can prevent sperm from reaching the egg or impede the passage of a fertilized egg to the uterus. 

• Evaluating Uterine Structure: The HSG can reveal abnormalities in the shape or structure of the uterus, such as fibroids, polyps, or congenital anomalies, which could impact implantation or pregnancy. 

How is a HSG performed? 

The HSG procedure typically involves the following steps: 

1. Schedule: On the first day of your period, you should call the office to schedule your HSG. You’ll be advised to schedule the test after your menstrual period and before ovulation, typically, between days 6 and 12 of your menstrual cycle.  

2. Preparation: Take the medications prescribed by your physician and follow any instructions given to you prior to your procedure. 

3. Procedure: 

• You’ll lie on an examination table, and a speculum will be inserted into your vagina, similar to a pelvic exam. 

• A thin tube, called a cannula, is placed through the cervix into the uterus with a balloon on the end that helps keep the tube in place. 

• Your provider will place you under an X-ray machine. A contrast dye is injected through the catheter, filling the uterus and fallopian tubes. 

• X-ray images are taken to visualize the flow of the dye, which will indicate whether the tubes are open and whether there are any abnormalities in the uterine cavity. 

What should you expect after?  

The Reproductive Medicine Group team has years of experience gently performing HSGs to help prevent cramping and minimizing discomfort.  

After the procedure, you may experience cramping for several minutes or light spotting or discharge, which is normal. If you experience severe pain or heavy bleeding, contact your healthcare provider. 

Understanding the Results 

• Normal Results: If the dye flows freely through the fallopian tubes and fills the uterus, it indicates that the tubes are open and there are no significant uterine abnormalities. 

• Abnormal Results: If the dye does not pass through one or both tubes, or if the images reveal abnormalities in the uterus, further evaluation or treatment may be necessary. Your physician will discuss next steps based on your specific situation. 

Conclusion 

A hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is a vital diagnostic tool in the fertility evaluation process. While the thought of undergoing the procedure can be daunting, it provides crucial insights that can inform your family-building journey. If you have questions or concerns about an HSG, don’t hesitate to discuss them with your physician.  

Understanding your reproductive health is the first step toward making informed decisions. Schedule a consultation to get started on your fertility journey.